A Brief History of The Mastiff Breed

Mastiffs in one form or another have been around since before written history began. Carvings from the Babylonian palace of Ashurbanipal (these carvings are on display in the British Museum) show large Mastiff-type dogs hunting lions in the desert near the Tigris River.

Mastiffs as war dogs

Carts For Dogs To Pull

Phoenician merchants introduced the Mastiff to aged Britain in the 6th century Bc. The aged Celts began using them as combat dogs who accompanied their owners into battle. This was the starting of a long history of Mastiffs as fighters, soldiers, protectors, and watchdogs. A beloved story tells that when Sir Peers Legh was injured in the Battle of Agincourt, his Mastiff stood over him and protected him for many hours while the battle raged on.

When the Romans invaded Britain around Ad43, they took Mastiffs back to Italy and used them to protect property and guard prisoners, in addition to fighting in the arena. The Mastiff is said to have been Julius Caesar's beloved dog. Kubla Khan had a kennel of 5,000 Mastiffs for hunting and war use. When Hannibal crossed the Alps, he took several battalions of war Mastiffs.

Mastiffs in Britain

Back in Britain in the 11th century, the Mastiff was one of the few breeds listed by name in The Forest Laws of King Canute, the first written laws of England. Mastiffs were recorded as being kept for protection, and the middle toes of their front feet had to be amputated so the dogs could not run fast adequate to catch deer (which traditionally belonged to royalty).
British royals kept Mastiffs to protect their castles and estates, releasing them at night to ward off intruders. Henry Viii is said to have presented Charles V of Spain with 400 Mastiffs to be used in battle.

From the 12th straight through 19th centuries, Mastiffs were used for bear-baiting. This "sport," in which dogs attacked chained-up bears, bulls, and even tigers, was especially beloved while Queen Elizabeth's time. Such fights were often staged for the queen's entertainment.
The size of the Mastiff and its need to eat about as much food per day as an adult man made a Mastiff too high-priced for most common folk, except butchers, who had adequate meat scraps to feed a Mastiff well. Therefore, the Mastiff was often called the "Butchers Dog."

Mastiffs in the United States

The first Mastiff in North America was brought from Britain on the Mayflower by the Pilgrims. The breed didn't come to be prominent in America until the 1800s, when Mastiffs were often found on plantations in the South as property guards.

During the World Wars, Mastiffs were commissioned to pull munitions carts at the front lines. However, their popularity was declining at the same time, partly because of their size: It was thought about unpatriotic to keep a dog that ate as much in one day as a soldier. By the 1920s, Mastiffs were approximately extinct in Britain, and by the end of World War Ii, Canada and the United States were sending Mastiffs to Britain to save the breed. Now, the breed is well-established in both continents.

From war dogs to house pets

How did Mastiffs go from hunting and fierce war dogs to the gentle pets we know today? Part of the presuppose is that breeders have bred the Mastiff for gentleness and have thus created an excellent companion. In addition Mastiffs are plainly treated differently today. No longer are they used for barbaric practices like bear bating or lion fighting. As for being war dogs, modern warfare has made them obsolete as war dogs. Instead, Mastiffs are whether kept as pets or put to use as watchdogs, guards, police or military dogs, hunt and rescue dogs, or as weight pullers.

A Brief History of The Mastiff Breed